PYROLYSIS OF SHEA BUTTER SHELL TO PRODUCE BIO-BASED PRODUCTS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
This research work focused on the production of bio-based products and response optimization of bio-oil yield operating parameters from shea butter shell. The Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the thermal stability of the shea butter shell and found to be stable at temperature 400 °C. Also, for the bio-char produced, it was found to be stable at temperature 700 °C. Design of Experiment (DOE) was applied to establish optimal pyrolysis conditions for the biomass (shea butter shell) using 2 3 factorial design module of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) available in Design Expert® Software version 7.0.0. Furthermore, the effect of temperature (300-600 °C), residence time (10-60 min), and heating rate (10-30 °C/min) at constant feedstock mass of 100g per run was studied. The results of operating variable effects shows that bio-oil yield depends on significant variables of the process. Temperature and heating rate were found to be significant to obtain optimum bio-oil yield experimentally. Optimum yield of the study was 51.50 %wt. against 71.00 %wt. of the predicted model. Physicochemical analysis shows that the bio-oil has pH 3.14 and Heating values of 26.03 MJ/kg. The Gas Chromatogram revealed phenolic and carboxyl compounds are dominant in the bio-oil with alcohol, ketones, aldehydes and aliphatic hydrocarbons were equally present. Characterization of the bio-based products using Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) revealed that bio-oil contains predominantly the organic functional groups of alkanes, alcohol, acids, aldehydes, ketones, some phenolic compounds and water impurities from the studies. Bio-char was characterized to determine the external surface area and BET surface area, following values were obtained 196.022 m2 /g and 170.025 m2 /g. Moreover, the values obtained for the pore volume and pore size of the bio-char were 0.0055cm3 /g and 1.410 nm respectively. Bio-char from shea butter shell pyrolysis can be upgraded as potential adsorbent in waste water treatment as bio-adsorbent.
Related Project Materials
THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY ADVISORY BOARDS IN VOCATIONAL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT: This study explores the role of industry advisory boards in the development of vocational curricula, emphasizing their impact on ali...
AN ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES IN FUND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Abstract: AN ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES IN FUND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) identify t...
THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT: THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
This study...
REVIEW ON THE SIGNIFICANCE ENHANCING FIRE SAFETY IN HOSTEL DESIGNS
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Housing is one of man's most essential requirements. Since the Paleolithic Age,...
TAX IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCIAL REPORTING DECISIONS
ABSTRACT:
This study investigates the tax implications of financial reporting decisions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The obj...
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 ON PRODUCT SALES AND MARKETING
ABSTRACT
This study is carried out to examine an empirical investigation of Covid-19 effect on Products...
THE EFFECT OF 2021 FUEL PRICE HIKE ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASCENT TRANSPORT COMPANY (ATM), ABUJA)
Abstract
Fuel is a major factor among many others influencing transport costs and transport rates in Nigeria.This ai...
INFLUENCE, ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES AS CORRELATE OF RESEARCH OUTPUT OF LIBRARIANS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study x-rayed the influence, accessibility and use of electronic information resources as correlate of research output of l...
THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING OF BUSINESS STUDY
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out on the use of information and communication technology...
AN EVALUATION OF PRODUCT INNOVATION AS A STRATEGY FOR THE SURVIVAL OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This research work is to examine the effect of product innovation as a strategy for the survival of manufacturi...
