PYROLYSIS OF SHEA BUTTER SHELL TO PRODUCE BIO-BASED PRODUCTS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 5000
ABSTRACT
This research work focused on the production of bio-based products and response optimization of bio-oil yield operating parameters from shea butter shell. The Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the thermal stability of the shea butter shell and found to be stable at temperature 400 °C. Also, for the bio-char produced, it was found to be stable at temperature 700 °C. Design of Experiment (DOE) was applied to establish optimal pyrolysis conditions for the biomass (shea butter shell) using 2 3 factorial design module of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) available in Design Expert® Software version 7.0.0. Furthermore, the effect of temperature (300-600 °C), residence time (10-60 min), and heating rate (10-30 °C/min) at constant feedstock mass of 100g per run was studied. The results of operating variable effects shows that bio-oil yield depends on significant variables of the process. Temperature and heating rate were found to be significant to obtain optimum bio-oil yield experimentally. Optimum yield of the study was 51.50 %wt. against 71.00 %wt. of the predicted model. Physicochemical analysis shows that the bio-oil has pH 3.14 and Heating values of 26.03 MJ/kg. The Gas Chromatogram revealed phenolic and carboxyl compounds are dominant in the bio-oil with alcohol, ketones, aldehydes and aliphatic hydrocarbons were equally present. Characterization of the bio-based products using Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) revealed that bio-oil contains predominantly the organic functional groups of alkanes, alcohol, acids, aldehydes, ketones, some phenolic compounds and water impurities from the studies. Bio-char was characterized to determine the external surface area and BET surface area, following values were obtained 196.022 m2 /g and 170.025 m2 /g. Moreover, the values obtained for the pore volume and pore size of the bio-char were 0.0055cm3 /g and 1.410 nm respectively. Bio-char from shea butter shell pyrolysis can be upgraded as potential adsorbent in waste water treatment as bio-adsorbent.
Related Project Materials
An investigation of the role of IoT in inventory management: A case study of PZ Cussons Nigeria in Yobe State
Background of the Study
The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing supply chain and inventory management across ind...
STUDENTS PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA FRAUD: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Abstract
Some of the social media disadvantages are the emergence of online fraud perpetrated by some dubious characters...
AVAILABILITY OF TEACHERS AND LABORATORY FACILITIES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HOME ECONOMICS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to assess the availability of teacher and laboratory facilities...
CONFLICT OF PRINCIPALS AND STAFF RELATIONSHIP AS IT AFFECTS SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN IHIALA PRIMARY SCHOOL ZONE IN IHIALA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate Conflict of principals and staff relationship as it affects secondary school administrati...
ACETYLATION OF CORN COB AND MANGO KERNEL- KINETICS AND APPLICATION FOR NON-AQUEOUS ADSORPTION PROCESSES
Justification for the Research
Residents of wetlands like the Nigeria’s Niger delta are concerned about the environmental impact of...
An evaluation of student engagement in STEM extracurricular activities in Zangon Kataf LGA, Kaduna State
Background of the Study
Student engagement in extracurricular activities plays a crucial role in complementing formal educa...
Implementation of Automated Academic Performance Prediction Using Decision Trees: A Case Study of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero (Aliero LGA, Kebbi State)
Background of the Study
Predicting academic performance has become an essential tool for improving student outcomes in educational instituti...
The Role of Forensic Accounting in Reducing Financial Crimes in Nigerian Banks: A Case Study of Access Bank Plc
Background of the Study
Financial crimes, such as fraud, embezzlement, and money laundering, are prevalent challenges fa...
The impact of multilateral security alliances on regional stability: An evaluation in Rivers State
Background of the Study
Multilateral security alliances have played a crucial role in promoting regional stability by foste...
An investigation of geopolitical influences on security infrastructure in Sokoto South Local Government Area, Sokoto State
Background of the Study
Security infrastructure is a crucial determinant of socio-economic stability in any region. In Sokoto South Local Go...
